Overview
The maximum absorption wavelength of UV absorber BP-3 is 287nm, and it also absorbs at 335 nm. It can absorb ultraviolet light from 270nm to 350nm, and has protection against some long waves (UVA, 320nm ~ nm) and all mid-range UVB (UVB, 280nm~329nm) is a broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorber that can systematically care for the skin. It has high absorption efficiency, is non-toxic, has no teratogenic side effects, and has no side effects on blood and organs. Good thermal stability and other advantages.
BP-3 is a first-class sunscreen agent (OTC drug) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is widely used in sunscreen creams, fragrances, fragrances, cosmetics, creams, honeys, lotions, oils and other cosmetics. Compared with other benzophenone sunscreens, BP-3 is currently the most widely used. According to data from the International Cancer Center/Scientific Research Institute (NCI/SRI), among the cosmetics and sunscreens used to protect the skin from 1972 to 1974, BP-3 was the most commonly used compound of its kind.
Domestic and foreign market conditions
The German BASF Company and the American ISP Company are the world’s largest manufacturers and distributors of BP-3. Most of BP-3 is used in the production of cosmetics. In addition, the German BASF Company also uses BP-3 for polymers. Material protection. Some large foreign cosmetics companies use BP-3 as a sunscreen agent, such as: L’Oreal, Procter & Gamble (Olay), Lancôme, Maybelline, Avon, etc. As the application of BP-3 becomes more and more widespread, the demand is also increasing year by year.
However, in recent years, due to the increase in labor costs in developed countries and the advancement of domestic science and technology, some large foreign companies have gradually purchased BP-3 from developing countries, which has further promoted the progress of domestic BP-3 production technology, and domestic Some cosmetics companies also use BP-3 as a sunscreen agent to add to sunscreen skin care products, such as Little Nurse, Unilever, Oriental Flower, Dingjiayi, Dabao, etc.
So now there are many factories in China producing, such as: Liaoning Beida Chemical Co., Ltd., Yixing Angel Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd., Beijing Zhongda Century Chemical Co., Ltd., Hubei Kexing Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd., Nanjing Holley Ming Chemical Co., Ltd., Nanjing Jiayin Technology Co., Ltd., etc. However, due to the increase in raw material prices, many domestic manufacturers are now not very stable in the production scale of UV absorber BP-3, and some manufacturers may even sell other manufacturers’ products on behalf of others.
Maximum usage
BP-3 approved status (maximum usage wt %) BP-3 is a broad-spectrum UV smooth opening agent line absorber. It is often added to cosmetics as a sunscreen agent. It has the maximum allowed use in various countries and regions. The amount is as follows: Europe: 10. 0%; Australia: 10%; Japan: 5. 0%; United States (FDA-approved first class sunscreen agent): 6. 0%; China (“Hygienic Specification for Cosmetics” 2002 Edition): 10%.
Physical and chemical properties【1】
BP-3 is an oil-soluble substance. It is easily soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, and is also easily soluble in ethyl acetate. It is difficult to dissolve in water. It is insoluble in ethanol, propylene glycol, liquid paraffin, water, benzene, n-hexane, and tetrachloride. The solubility in carbon, styrene, and DOP is shown in Table 1. The United States Pharmacopeia (28th edition) stipulates various physical and chemical indicators of BP-3 and its detection methods, see Table 2.
Figure 2 shows the UV spectrum of BP-3 (10mg/L inmethanol). The absorption range is UVAII ~ UVB (270nm ~ 350nm), and the maximum absorption wavelength is 287 nm.
Pharmacological and toxicological properties【1】
C. S. Okereke et al. studied the safety issues of BP-3 after repeated use. BP-3 was added to the paste to provide a daily dose of 100mg/kg based on body weight, and it had an effect on the skin of S-D male mice. Four weeks of foam-free surfactant testing were conducted. The results showed that body weight and organ ratios, blood and clinical chemistry parameters were not affected. Oral half-lethal dose for mice: LD50 = 3200 mg/kg, oral half-lethal dose for rats: LD50 = 7 mg/kg.
Jiang et al. studied the effects of UV-9 exposure on human tissues through plastic film contact with various carriers, and they reported that BP-3 dissolution and penetration were related to the solubility of the carrier. There are reports that local absorption has also resulted in the discovery of BP-3 secretions and metabolites in urine and breast milk. The ideal sunscreen should only be fixed in the stratum corneum when applied, without penetrating into deeper active tissues. Many lipophilic sunscreens may penetrate deeply into active tissues.
So V. Sarveiya and others used hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and BP-3 to form an inclusion complex, which reduced the penetration of BP-3 into the skin without changing the absorption of ultraviolet rays by BP-3. , and the inclusion compound can increase the solubility of BP-3, so that organic solvents can not be used to dissolve BP-3, and the damage caused by organic solvents to the skin will be avoided. At the same time, it can also reduce the contact between skin and sunscreen to avoid skin inflammation or allergies caused by contact. Kawamura et al. tested the estrogenic activity of UV stabilizers used in plastics in contact with food through two mixed yeast tests. The results showed that among 11 UV absorbers, only BP-3 and BP-8 contained estrogen. Sex hormones.
Synthetic route【1】
Resorcinol is reacted with a methylating reagent to generate resorcinol dimethyl ether, which is then catalyzed by AlCl 3.�Carry out Friedel-Crafts reaction with benzoyl chloride to obtain 2, 4-dimethoxybenzophenone. The reaction needs to be carried out under low temperature conditions in an ice-water bath. Finally, concentrated hydrochloric acid is added for hydrolysis to obtain BP-3.
Because AlCl 3 is used as a catalyst, the product is difficult to separate and pollutes the environment. Later, B. M. Dhakildar and others used FeCl 3 supported on Si as a catalyst for the formylation reaction in the synthesis of BP-3. The isolated yield reached 60%. FeCl 3 loaded on Si can be recycled and used multiple times, with a continuous life of more than two months. The reaction process of the benzoyl chloride method is as follows: E. H. Dobratz et al. used benzoic acid and methoxyphenol as raw materials, reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas, and then treated with tartaric acid, sodium carbonate aqueous solution, and sodium sulfite to obtain the product BP-3.
References
[1] Gong Hong, Luo Weiwei, Jiang Heng. Research progress of ultraviolet absorber BP-3 for sunscreen cosmetics [J]. Flavors and Fragrances Cosmetics, 2007(02):27-29+42.
