At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists have confirmed that extracellular small molecule information substances are synthesized and released by various cells such as gland cells, and are transported by various body fluids such as blood and lymph to regulate body fluids and transmit life information. The “first messenger” of life that delivers information.
However, scientists later discovered to their surprise that the “first messenger” of life does not directly participate in the material and energy metabolism of cells, but transmits information to the “second messenger” to regulate the cell’s metabolism. Physiological activity and metabolism.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the “second messenger” for the transmission of life information and an important regulatory substance for life. Trace amounts are widely found in various cells of animals and plants and microorganisms. It is an important substance involved in regulating substance metabolism and biological functions in cells. When various hormones in the body act on cells, they can prompt cells to produce this substance, which in turn regulates the cells’ physiological activities and substance metabolism.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the Nobel Prize
Earl Wilbur Sutherland of Washington University in St. Louis, USA, studied cyclic adenosine monophosphate The discovery of glycosides and the proposal of the “second messenger” have taken a huge step forward in human understanding of the mysteries of life and laid the foundation for many future research efforts. Sutherland won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1971.
Eric Kandel, a professor at Columbia University in the United States, concluded through research: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, as the body’s “second messenger”, plays a role in repairing brain cells, activating brain cells, and regulating brain cell functions. It has a very important role in converting short-term memory into long-term memory, relieving brain cell fatigue and delaying the aging of brain cells. Therefore, Kandel won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
The effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate on the human body
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is an important substance with physiological Cabot activity that exists widely in the human body. It is composed of adenosine triphosphate in the adenosine ring. It is generated under the catalysis of chemical enzymes and can regulate various functional rubber antioxidant activities of cells.
As the second messenger of hormones, it plays the role of hormones in cells to regulate physiological functions and material metabolism. It can change the function of cell membranes and promote calcium ions in the reticular sarcoplasm to enter muscle fibers, thereby enhancing myocardial contraction. , and can promote the activity of respiratory chain oxidase, improve myocardial hypoxia, relieve symptoms of coronary heart disease and improve electrocardiogram.
In addition, it plays an important role in regulating sugar and fat metabolism, nucleic acid, and protein synthesis.
One of the main functions of cyclic adenosine monophosphate is to control cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.
Communication between cells must be completed through the transmission of information between cells, that is, the “first messenger” is released by the information cell, which affects and acts on other information-receiving cells through the extracellular fluid. The “first messenger” does not directly participate in the material and energy metabolism of cells, but transmits information to the “second messenger” to regulate the physiological activities and metabolism of cells.
As shown below:
The concentration of the second messenger in the cell is regulated by the first messenger. It can increase instantaneously and decrease rapidly, thereby regulating the enzyme activity of the intracellular metabolic system and controlling the life activities of cells, including: glucose uptake and utilization, fat storage and movement, and secretion of cell products. Second messengers also control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, and participate in the regulation of gene transcription.
When the body’s cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP is insufficient:
Cell biological metabolism is weakened, cell metabolism is weakened , Reduced cell repair function
Cells lose activity and age
Weakened tissue function
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is an important element for human health. Once it is lacking, it can cause more than 40 kinds of diseases. For example, blood diseases (leukemia, anemia, allergic purpura, etc.); immune diseases (simple allergies, low immunity, allergic urticaria, etc.); circulatory diseases (heart, cerebral thrombosis, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, etc.); brain Internal diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, memory loss, neurological disorders, insomnia, sleep disorders; others (hepatitis/hepatitis B, psoriasis, premature aging, etc.).
In 2013, Science and Technology Press published the book “Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate and Health”, which collected and compiled clinical application reports from major hospitals and scientific research institutes, confirming that exogenous supplementation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate has an effect on 40 Safe and effective for many diseases.
