Dr. Lise Eliot, a famous American neuroscientist, once wrote a book “What’s going on in there”, in which he described in detail the brain development process of children before the age of three.
The book mentions that the initial primary neural tissue is produced from the interaction of mesoderm and ectoderm on the 18th day after fertilization of the egg. At this time, the neuroblast is formed, the brain tissue of the embryo begins to form, and the “innate inheritance” has been determined.
From the 19th day after conception, the embryo’s nervous system develops rapidly, until around the 26th day, it begins to close from the bottom and extends downward to become the spinal cord. In other words, the baby’s brain develops 4 weeks after the egg is fertilized. The left and right have basically begun to take shape.
Starting from about 20 weeks of fetal development, the fetus’s auditory, visual and other nervous systems begin to develop. The development of brain cells will become more and more complex after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The basic development of the brain is basically fully formed after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Fetal movements also begin to appear at this time.
When the fetus is born, the newborn’s brain weight has reached 350g, which is about 25% of the adult brain weight. At this time, the number of nerve cells is close to that of adults, but the dendrites and axons are few and short. The increase in brain weight after birth is mainly due to the increase in the size of nerve cells and the increase and lengthening of dendrites, as well as the formation and development of nerve myelin sheaths. The formation and development of nerve myelin sheaths is completed before the baby is about 4 years old.
Before this, especially in infancy, when a child is 0-1 years old, it is the last peak period for the growth of the baby’s brain cells. At this stage, the size of brain nerve cells continues to increase, and glial cells divide and proliferate rapidly. Brain glial cells produce myelin sheaths that wrap the axons that communicate with each other between brain nerve cells. It is a nerve channel that directs the entire body to transmit information from nerve cells to nerve cells. It is like a wire that transmits information, affecting the child’s brain nerve information transmission. The baby’s brain weight has reached 1,300g when he is 1 year old, reaching 70% of the adult weight. At about 1 year old at the end of the lactation period, the proliferation of brain cells is completed, the quality is finalized, the brain hardware level is determined, and the children’s IQ differences begin. Gradually it emerged, so there was a gap between other people’s children.
In the previous article, we mentioned a word called brain hardware. So what is brain hardware?
Neurons are the most important component of the brain. They themselves are nerve cells that process information. It is estimated that from the time a baby’s brain begins to develop, the number of neurons increases at a rate of 250,000 per minute, reaching a maximum of approximately 100 billion by birth. Neurons come in different shapes and sizes, indicating the different responsibilities they will eventually perform. So far, scientists have identified about 25 types of neurons. After a neuron matures, its axons and dendrites develop several branches to come into contact with other neurons, and chemical reactions occur to generate electric currents to conduct information. Therefore, the composition and number of synapses determine the final location of information in the brain. Delivery method.
The three cornerstones that influence the development of brain hardware are genetics, environment, and nutrition
1. Heredity, we all know that dragons give birth to dragons and phoenixes give birth to phoenixes. This is the law of inheritance.
2. Environment During the growth and development of a baby, genes are like the design drawings of a high-rise building, and the environment is like the construction team of a high-rise building. Without a construction team, no matter how good the design drawings are, they cannot be realized.
3. Nutrition Nutrition is like the building materials for building high-rise buildings. Under the condition that genetics cannot be changed, parents can improve and promote their children’s brain development by paying attention to diet and scientifically supplementing the important nutrients needed for the growth and development of fetuses and infants. .
What are the cephalin groups asked in the question?
Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes and membranes of various organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, etc.). Almost all phospholipids contained in cells are concentrated in biological membranes. Many properties of biological membranes, such as serving as a permeability barrier for substances inside and outside the membrane, exchange of substances inside and outside the membrane, information transmission, and conduction of nerve impulses, are all related to phospholipids and other membrane lipids.
The cephalin group is a collective name for the five phospholipids in the brain, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol ( PI).
Phosphatidylcholine (PC), also known as lecithin in a narrow sense, is composed of polar phosphates and esterified alcohols as well as two non-polar long hydrocarbon chain tails. It can generate acetylcholine with acetylcholine in the body. . We mentioned earlier that there is a small gap where the dendrites of two neurons are about to contact, and chemical neurotransmitters flow here. These neurotransmitters carry information from one neuron to another. Acetylcholine is the neuromedium that conducts signals between two neurons. The increase in acetylcholine content can speed up the transmission of information between brain nerve cells, enhance memory function, and improve brain vitality.
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a key component of cell membranes and is highly enriched in the nervous system. Sphingomyelin is related to the early myelin formation trajectory, may be positively related to the neural development of premature infants, and is a regulator of cell activity.Children, are very important for brain and cognitive development.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the only phospholipid that can regulate the functional status of key cell membrane proteins. It consists of a hydrophilic glycerol skeleton in the head and two lipophilic groups of longer chain hydrocarbons in the tail. Phosphatidylserine stearic acid 1801 can maintain and repair nerve cells, enhance the activity of nerve growth factors in the central nervous system, promote the production of acetylcholine, stimulate the release of dopamine, and provide sufficient signals to regulate the adaptive immune response.
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) can form a non-bilayer of phospholipids. It is a multifunctional phospholipid necessary for mammalian development and accounts for 15%-25% of the total phospholipids in mammalian cells. Guan Z et al.’s study of phospholipid content in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients found that the content of phosphatidylethanolamine in the frontal lobes of patients was significantly reduced.
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is composed of 1.2-diglycerol phosphate and myo-inositol. Arachidonic acid plays an important role in the growth, neurological development and cognitive function of infants and young children by being concentrated on phosphatidylinositol in cell membranes. Studies have found that reducing arachidonic acid on phosphatidylinositol can cause atrophy of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice.
The cephalin group is called the next generation DHA due to its key role in early brain development. After the release of this phased research result, it has received attention and recognition from experts from many countries around the world. At the 2018 annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, the important role of cephalin groups was highlighted, which aroused heated discussion among dairy industry experts and scholars around the world. At the 9th China Fetal Medicine Conference held this year, Wang Zhixu, chairman of the maternal and child branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society and professor of nutrition, published a special report on “Encephalin Groups-Frontier Research on Nutrition for Brain Development”, focusing on the impact of cephalin groups on brain development nutrition. Regarding the important role of early brain development, Wang Zhixu said that cephalin group includes the five major phospholipids. During the brain development of infants and young children, the content of supplemented cephalin group has an important impact on the brain. The intake of cephalin group can make babies have stronger learning ability and learn faster.
