Background and overview[1-2]
In recent years, foreign phosphate esters have developed rapidly, and their applications in industrial cleaning and other industries have become quite mature. In China, phosphate leather fatliquors and phosphate antistatic agents have developed rapidly, making the application of phosphate esters in textile and leather industries quite mature. Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate is a new type of anionic surfactant with good decontamination, wetting, descaling, solubilization, foaming, antistatic, dispersion, rust removal and lubrication properties. It can be easily combined with other The additives are mixed, have good compatibility, are less toxic and irritating, and have good solubility in strong alkaline solutions.
Therefore, it can be widely used in industries such as industrial detergents, textiles, cosmetics, plastics, pesticides, leather industries, and the synthesis of fatty alcohol ether phosphates and research on dynamic machinery, as antistatic agents, dyeing auxiliaries, emulsifiers, etc. agents, degreasing agents, fatliquors and metal processing cooling aids, etc. Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is the most important type of nonionic surfactant. Currently, the most widely used ones are AEO series, isomeric alcohol series, Pingpingjia series, JFC series, etc. Similar to other phosphate ester preparation methods, the synthesis principle of fatty alcohol ether phosphate ester is to use fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether containing hydroxyl groups to carry out esterification reaction with phosphorylation reagents. Different phosphorylation reagents have different specific reaction methods.
Features[3]
(1) Low irritation: Compared with traditional additives, alcohol ether phosphate ester additives are particularly suitable for the production and preparation of daily chemicals and cosmetics because of their extremely low irritation. (2) Low toxicity: Alcohol ether phosphate ester type additives have low toxicity to white rats, and their semi-lethal dose LD50 is above 7-8.7g/kg. (3) Excellent surface activity: Alcohol ether phosphate ester type additives are widely used as detergents, penetrating agents and wetting agents because of their low surface tension and good wettability. (4) Significant biodegradability: Alcohol ether phosphate ester additives are composed of hydroxyl compounds with good biodegradability and phosphorylating agents such as phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus trichloride, acid, and polyphosphate. It is formed by the reaction of phosphoric acid, etc., so its reaction products are also easy to biodegrade. (5) Good stability: Alcohol ether phosphate ester additives have good stability in acid, alkali and electrolyte environments, and can withstand high temperatures. (6) Good compatibility: Alcohol ether phosphate ester additives have strong compatibility and mutual solubility with other surfactants and can be used in the preparation of various chemicals. 7) Alcohol ether phosphate ester additives have good antistatic and flame retardant properties on fibers and fabrics, and have a softening effect. (8) When alcohol ether phosphate ester additives are used for fatliquing leather, they have a “permanent” fatliquing effect and play a very good auxiliary role in the waxy and mercerized feel of leather.
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate Cabot-type additives are obtained by esterifying alcohol ether-type compounds with phosphorylating agents such as P2O5. They are a new type of anionic surfactant with both nonionic and anionic properties. Agent is a typical representative of phosphate surfactants. In addition to the characteristics of phosphate ester surfactants, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester additives also have the following excellent characteristics: good thermal stability; strong stability in acid, alkali and electrolyte solution environments, and are not easy to Stratification and precipitation; good separation resistance; good compatibility with various ionic surfactants; low toxicity and low irritation, can be widely used in plastics, chemical textiles, leather and daily chemicals, etc. field.
Classification and Application[2]
1. Short chain isomeric alcohol ether phosphate
At present, many industries require the use of penetrants under strong alkaline conditions. JFC, rapid penetrating agent T, etc. used as penetrants are unstable under strong alkaline conditions and can no longer meet the requirements. However, the phosphate ester salt Alkali resistance and good permeability can meet the requirements. In the molecular structure of nonionic surfactants, the lipophilic group contains branched chains, which helps to improve the wettability and permeability of the surfactant. Therefore, after phosphorylation, isomeric alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers containing branched chains in the fatty alcohol structure (such as the addition of isooctyl alcohol, isodecanol, isotridedecanol and ethylene oxide with different moles) can be used. Meet the requirements for use under alkaline conditions.
2.AEO series alcohol ether phosphate
The most commonly used raw material for synthesizing anionic surfactants in the AEO series is AEO2-3, which is usually used to synthesize AES, AEC, AESS, AEO phosphates, etc. These products can be widely used in daily chemicals, oil emulsification, leveling, industrial cleaning and other industries. During the spinning process, the friction between fibers and between fibers and metal will affect the uniformity and spinnability of the fibers. A large amount of static electricity will also be generated during the spinning process. If the electricity is not eliminated or reduced in time, it will affect the spinning of the fiber. Therefore, the oil agent must have good antistatic properties, especially as the filament spinning speed is getting faster and faster, the antistatic properties of the oil agent are more important. The excellent antistatic properties of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate can solve the above problems.
3. Long-chain fat antioxidant 1010 alcohol ether phosphate
As the application of long-chain fatty alcohol phosphate esters and phosphorylated oils in textile auxiliaries such as leather fatliquors and chemical fiber oils becomes more and more mature, people have turned their attention to long-chain fatty alcohol ether phosphates. . This phosphate ester can be directly compounded and used in light spinning auxiliaries, such as in the preparation process of certain phosphate ester fatliquors.In order to increase the emulsification of fatliquors, oils or fatty alcohols containing hydroxyl groups are often compounded with a certain proportion of Pingpingjia and AEO and then phosphorylated together. Long-chain fatty alcohol ether phosphates are generally prepared by polymerizing C12-C20 alcohols with ethylene oxide and then phosphorizing them. Among them, phosphate esters prepared from C16 alcohol ethers and C18 alcohol ethers are the most common.
Main reference materials
[1] CN201510067964.2 Alcohol ether phosphate ester and its preparation method and use of the ester to prepare trace cutting fluid
[2] Synthesis and research trends of fatty alcohol ether phosphates
[3] Research on the biodegradability of alcohol ether phosphate ester additives
