Overview of the uses of basic nickel carbonate【1】
Basic nickel carbonate is an important chemical raw material and is widely used in industrial catalysts, precision electroplating, printed circuit board electroplating, general alloy electroplating, nickel-nickel alloy electroforming, ceramic industry and other industries. Basic nickel carbonate is a raw material for manufacturing a variety of nickel salts, and is an emerging chemical product that is gradually replacing traditional petrochemical catalysts. In recent years, with the strengthening of the environmental awareness of the entire society, the traditional petrochemical catalyst nickel nitrate has nitrogen oxide pollution, while basic nickel carbonate does not have nitrate and has no nitrogen oxide pollution. It is a new type of catalyst for petroleum processing. , it will gradually replace the traditional petrochemical sodium carbonate catalyst nickel nitrate, and the market demand is large. Therefore, whether the production capacity and quality of the basic nickel carbonate product can be improved has become a key factor restricting the development of nickel series products.
The finished product of basic nickel carbonate. Basic nickel carbonate is a grass-green cake-like substance and is the main intermediate product of the nickel salt series. It reacts with formic acid, acetic acid, and sulfamic acid to produce nickel formate, nickel acetate, Nickel sulfamate can be dried and crushed by a flash evaporator to produce basic nickel carbonate powder. Nickel carbonate is an important nickel compound. The known forms include nickel orthocarbonate, basic nickel carbonate and acid nickel carbonate. It is usually obtained by the reaction of nickel nitrate and soda ash aqueous solution. It varies due to different preparation methods. Its composition is written as xNiCO, yNi(OH)2. zH20, which is a light green amorphous substance. There are very few pure nickel carbonates and acid nickel carbonates, mainly basic nickel carbonates.
Physical and chemical properties of basic nickel carbonate【2】
Basic nickel carbonate is also known as basic nickel carbonate. ①NiC03.2Ni(OH)2·4H20=370.23, green crystal, relative density 2.6. Dissolve in hot acid. ②2NiC03. 3Ni(OH)2‘4H20=587.67. Bright green crystal or powder. Insoluble in cold water, decomposes when exposed to hot water, soluble in acid and ammonium salts. Both are mixtures of varying amounts of nickel carbonate, nickel hydroxide and water of crystallization. The former remains to be further confirmed. It is prepared by the action of nickel sulfate and sodium carbonate. Used in the manufacture of electroplating, catalysts and ceramic glazes.
Uses and uses of basic nickel carbonate【3】
Basic nickel carbonate is mainly used in three major areas: (1) Intermediates in inorganic products, preparation of other nickel salts such as: nickel acetate, nickel sulfamate, catalysts, intermediates in the preparation of other organic nickel salts; ( 2) Calcining to prepare nickel oxide or reducing it to nickel powder, which is used in magnetic materials and cemented carbide; (3) Electroplating materials, ceramic pigments, etc.
Production of basic nickel carbonate【3】
The production of basic nickel carbonate mainly uses the reaction of nickel nitrate or nickel sulfate with sodium carbonate aqueous solution; some people use ammonia bicarbonate instead of sodium carbonate for production; some people study the use of nickel ammonia-carbonate precipitation to directly precipitate carbonate, High-concentration urea is uniformly precipitated to prepare basic nickel carbonate. Literature shows that the technical indicators of major domestic production enterprises have high impurities and low nickel content, making it difficult to meet the requirements for high-quality products.
At the same time, hot pure water washing in the production process takes a long time, high energy consumption, and a large amount of pure water. Washing per ton of products consumes 80-100 tons of pure water and consumes a lot of coal; some people use “washing and drying, one or two washes, one In the secondary drying process, the finished product is obtained by grinding, and the produced nickel carbonate contains low sodium, chlorine, and sulfate radicals; or the crude nickel carbonate material can be flash-dried through a rotary flash dryer, which will turn into fluff. Sodium-containing non-pure phase nickel carbonate in the form of embossed or flocculent particles; then add the dried nickel carbonate into a slurry washing tank, inject 60-80C pure water, perform slurry washing, and obtain desodium through pressure filtration. For nickel carbonate products, the sodium in the nickel carbonate after washing has dropped by about 20% -40% compared to before washing, meeting the requirements for the production of electronic grade nickel carbonate.” to reduce the sodium content (sodium content is 0.05-0.1%).
Use synthesis process of basic nickel carbonate【4】
In the sodium carbonate method, the ratio of sulfuric acid to nitric acid is 3:1. Add nitric acid to the sulfuric acid in batches to prepare a mixed acid. Then add metallic nickel to react with the nitric acid to generate nickel nitrate, which then reacts with the sulfuric acid to generate a nickel sulfate solution, and then add The reaction of soda ash generates basic nickel carbonate, which is filtered, concentrated, cooled and crystallized, and centrifuged to obtain the finished product of basic nickel carbonate. The reaction formula is as follows:
Use and storage of basic nickel carbonate
Store in a cool, dry place. The packaging should be sealed and moisture-proof. Protect from rain and sunlight during transportation.
Use, toxicity and protection of basic nickel carbonate
Nickel activates or inhibits many enzymes and affects the hematopoietic process and carbohydrate metabolism. Nickel is carcinogenic and can damage human skin. Chronic poisoning can cause headaches, dizziness, irritability, loss of appetite, and constipation. Abdominal pain, dyspnea and other symptoms. Occupational diseases include nasal cancer, paranasal sinus cancer, and lung cancer.
The maximum allowable concentration of basic nickel carbonate
The oxides and sulfides of divalent and trivalent nickel are calculated as nickel. 5 mg/m3, water aerosol nickel salt is 0.0005 mg/m3. A respirator or respirator should be used when working to prevent direct skin contact to the greatest extentFor nickel compounds, 10% diethylthiocarbamate or diacetyl oxime or EDTA ointment should be applied to the hands. Production personnel should undergo regular tumor screening every year.
References
[1] Tang Senjin, Zou Wen. Research on rapid production process of basic nickel carbonate[J]. Filtration and Separation, 2016, 26(04):39-42.
[2] Editor-in-Chief Ma Shichang, Dictionary of Chemical Substances, Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1st edition, April 1999, page 868
[3] Lu Wenguang. Production and review of high-purity basic nickel carbonate [A]. Chinese Chemical Society Aluminum Magnesium Carbonate Catalysis Professional Committee. Proceedings of the Seventh National Symposium on Catalyst Preparation Science and Technology [C]. China Catalysis Professional Committee of the Chemical Society: Chinese Chemical Society, 2009:5.
[4] Editor-in-chief Jason Szeto, Chemical Product Handbook Inorganic Chemical Products, Chemical Industry Press, January 2004, 1st edition, page 112
