Propanol is a colorless and transparent liquid with an odor similar to ethanol, with a boiling point of 97.15°C. Soluble in water, flammable, steam and air form a mixed mixture, explosion limit 2.5%-8.7% (volume). Mainly used as solvent and organic synthesis intermediate. In the United States, about 40% of n-propanol is directly used as a solvent or to synthesize propyl acetate, which is used in coating solvents, printing inks, cosmetics, etc.; 40% is used to produce n-propylamine, an intermediate for medicines and pesticides; 20% is used to produce feed. Additives, synthetic flavors, etc.
Nature
Preparation method
Current status of production capacity at home and abroad
Isopropyl alcohol
Purpose
Toxicity LD50(mg/kg)
Accidental leakage treatment
Protective measures
First aid measures
Properties
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, ether.
【Melting point (℃)】-127
[Boiling point (℃)] 97.19 [Flash point (℃)] 22
【Vapor pressure (Pa)】2000(20℃);6999(40℃)
[Viscosity mPa·s (20℃)] 2.256 [Refractive index] 1.3862
Preparation method
n-Propanol is produced by hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. The catalysts used include cobalt or rhodium carbonyl compounds, ruthenium complexes, skeleton catalysts (such as nickel, copper), etc. The most commonly used catalysts are skeleton catalysts. The hydrogenation reaction can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The latter can be divided into liquid phase hydrogenation and gas phase hydrogenation. Liquid-phase hydrogenation mostly uses nickel-based catalysts; gas-phase hydrogenation mostly uses copper-based catalysts. The trend in the past decade has been to use copper-zinc oxide catalysts. The reactors are fixed bed reactors, slurry reactors, and trickle bed reactors. Or separate from the oxidation liquid of lower alkanes.
Current status of production capacity at home and abroad
In recent years, the consumption of n-propanol at home and abroad has grown rapidly. In 1979, the world’s n-propanol production was about 13,000 tons. In 2010, global n-propanol production was approximately 270,000 tons, of which the United States accounted for about 55%, and the rest was mainly concentrated in countries and regions such as Germany, China, Taiwan, and South Africa. In 2010, China’s domestic consumption was about 80,000 tons, and the production capacity was 60,000 tons/year. It was mainly a set of oxo synthesis plus antioxidant rd hydrogen equipment of Zibo Nuo’ao Chemical Co., Ltd., and other manufacturers mostly used isopropyl alcohol as by-products. As a result, 20,000-25,000 tons of n-propanol need to be imported annually (mainly products from the United States, Taiwan, and South Africa).
Isopropyl alcohol
The boiling point of isopropyl alcohol is lower than that of n-propanol, and its biggest feature compared with n-propanol is that isopropyl alcohol can be miscible with most organic solvents. Chemical raw materials with a wide range of uses
Purpose
Used as a solvent, it can replace ethanol with a lower boiling point in many cases. Fungicides for fuel oil; pesticides and pharmaceutical raw materials; spice raw materials, etc.
Toxicity LD50(mg/kg)
More toxic and irritating than ethanol. Rat oral administration 1870. Can cause serious eye damage and vapors may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Accidental leakage treatment
Quickly evacuate personnel in the leaked contaminated area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire source. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and fire protective clothing. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible and prevent it from entering restricted spaces such as sewers and flood ditches. Small leakage: Use sand or other non-combustible materials to absorb or absorb. You can also rinse with a large amount of water, dilute the lotion and put it into the wastewater system. Large amounts of paint additives are leaking: build dikes or dig pits to contain them; cover them with foam to reduce vapor disasters. Use explosion-proof pump to transfer to tanker or special collector. Recycle or transport to a waste disposal site for disposal.
Protective measures
Respiratory system protection: When the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, a filter-type gas mask (half mask) should be worn.
Eye protection: Generally no special protection is required. Chemical safety glasses can be worn when exposed to high concentrations.
Body protection: Wear anti-static overalls.
Hand protection: Wear latex gloves.
Others: Smoking is strictly prohibited at the work site. Maintain good hygiene habits.
First aid measures
Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Leave the site quickly to fresh air. Keep your airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Gastric lavage. Seek medical attention.
Fire-fighting methods: Move the container from the fire scene to an open area as much as possible. Spray water to keep the fire container cool until the fire is extinguished. Containers in a fire scene must be evacuated immediately if they change color or if there is sound from the safety pressure relief device.
Fire extinguishing media: anti-soluble foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.
