It has been nearly two months since a raging novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) epidemic swept through China, and there are still no specific antiviral drugs. However, thanks to the efforts of medical scientists in China and even around the world, there have been many successful cases of symptomatic treatment, allowing us to see the dawn of potential new drugs or new uses of old drugs. Chloroquine phosphate is one of them. The National Health Commission has issued a statement stating that chloroquine phosphate, favipiravir, and a batch of Chinese patent medicines have antiviral activity. For example, chloroquine phosphate has shown very good activity against the new coronavirus in in vitro studies. Below is a brief introduction to chloroquine phosphate.
Indications
Chloroquine phosphate can be used to treat chloroquine-sensitive malaria falciparum, vivax and malaria malaria. And can be used for the suppressive prevention of malaria symptoms. It can also be used to treat extraintestinal amebiasis, connective tissue diseases, photosensitive diseases (such as sun erythema), etc.
Usage and dosage
1. Commonly used dosage for adults (1) For vivax malaria, the first oral dose is 1g, and the second and third days are o.75g each. (2) For suppressive prevention of malaria, take orally once a week, 0.5g each time. (3) For extraintestinal amoebiasis, take 1g orally per day, then change to 0.5g per day after 2 consecutive days, and the total course of treatment is 3 weeks. (4) For rheumatoid arthritis, take o.25~0.5g per day. After the symptoms are controlled, change to o.125g, 2~3 times a day. It takes 6 weeks to 6 months to achieve the maximum effect. It can be used as an auxiliary drug for salicylic acid preparations and adrenocortical hormone reduction.
2. Commonly used dosage in children (1) For vivax malaria, the first oral dose is 10 mg/kg body weight (calculated as chloroquine, the same below), the maximum dose does not exceed 600 mg, and another dose is 5 mg/kg body weight after 6 hours. On the 2nd and 3rd days, take 5 mg/kg of body weight daily. (2) For extraintestinal amoebiasis, take 10 mg/kg orally (maximum dose not exceeding 600 mg) according to body weight daily, divided into 2 to 3 times, for 2 weeks, and after 1 week of rest, a course of treatment can be repeated.
Ingredients
The main ingredient of this product is chloroquine phosphate.
Character
This product is available as white tablets or white sugar-coated tablets.
Adverse reactions
1. When this product is used to treat malaria, there are few adverse reactions. Common reactions that may occur when taken orally are: dizziness, headache, vertigo, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin itching, rash, and even exfoliation. Dermatitis, tinnitus, irritability, etc. Most of the reactions are mild and disappear on their own after stopping the drug.
2. When treating paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis and connective tissue diseases, large dosages and long treatment courses may cause severe reactions. The most common ones are eye toxicity, because chloroquine can be secreted by the lacrimal gland. , and is absorbed by the cornea, and diffuse white particles appear on the cornea, which disappear after stopping the drug.
3. A considerable part of this product accumulates in tissues. Long-term use can cause mild retinal edema and pigment aggregation, causing dark spots and affecting vision, which is often irreversible.
4. Chloroquine can also damage hearing. Pregnant women taking large amounts can cause congenital deafness, mental retardation, hydrocephalus, limb defects, etc. in children.
5. Chloroquine can occasionally cause inhibition of the sinoatrial node, leading to arrhythmia, shock, and in severe cases, Albanian-Scott syndrome, leading to death.
6. This product can still cause drug-induced psychosis, leukopenia, purpura, rash, dermatitis, photosensitivity dermatitis and even exfoliative dermatitis, psoriasis, hair whitening, hair loss, neuromuscular pain, mild transient headache, etc.
7. Hemolysis, aplastic anemia, reversible agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, etc. are relatively rare.
Taboo
Contraindicated for pregnant women.
Notes
1. Use with caution in patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, heart disease, severe erythema multiforme, porphyria, psoriasis and mental illness.
2. This product can cause fetal hydrocephalus, limb deformities and deafness, so it is contraindicated by pregnant women. 3. People who are resistant to chloroquine will not get the best results. Hanwha Acrylic Resin
Drug interactions
1. Use of this product together with phenylbutazone may easily cause allergic dermatitis caused by industrial antioxidants.
2. Combined use with chlorpromazine, etc. can easily increase the burden on the liver.
3. This product has a direct inhibitory effect on the neuromuscular junction, and streptomycin can aggravate this adverse reaction.
4. Application of this product after digitalisization may cause heart block.
5. Combining this product with heparin or penicillamine may increase the chance of bleeding.
6. The combination of this product and primaquine can cure vivax malaria.
7. Combined with amine chloride, it can accelerate excretion and reduce blood concentration.
8. Combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors can increase toxicity.
9. Combination with fluprednisolone may cause exfoliative erythroderma.
10. When used together with chloroquine analogs (aminoquine, hydroxychloroquine, etc.), the blood concentration of chloroquine can be increased.
