Background and overview[1][2]
Due to the widespread use of pesticides, the pollution of the environment and food has become increasingly serious. Among many types of pesticides, fenthion-sulfone [O, O-dimethyl O-[3-methyl [O, O-dimethyl O-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl]phosphorothioate] is a commonly used organophosphorus around the world. Insecticide (organophosphorus insecticide) is used in different types of farming to control many sucking and biting insect pests, especially fruit flies, leafhoppers, leafminers, and stem-eating insects. (stem borers) and grain bugs (cereal bugs), etc.
Fenthion-sulfone is known to release severe and fatal poisons and can accumulate through skin contact, inhalation or ingestion. After using fenthion-sulfone, the most sensitive and toxic-related effects are It inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity. The mortality rate of patients poisoned by fenthion-sulfone insecticide is higher than that of other organophosphorus insecticides. Therefore, fenthion Phosphosulfone is necessary for sampling and analysis of a wide range of biological and environmental pollution tests. Current methods, such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, have High sensitivity and reliability, have been successfully used to analyze many kinds of pesticides.
However, these typical methods require higher costs and highly skilled analysts, and require time-consuming sampling and preparation steps. Therefore, for an assay There is an increasing need for faster and more cost-effective methods of removing pesticide residues. Immunoassays can meet this requirement. In addition to traditional methods, the recent emergence of immunoassays has increasingly become another option.
Physical and chemical properties[1]
Physical and chemical properties: Density 1.25, melting point 7.5°C, boiling point 87°C (0.01mmHg), water solubility 0.0055g/100mL. Product Usage: It is a broad-spectrum, fast-acting, and long-residual insecticide with both contact and systemic properties. Ultra-low volume sprays will become a trend due to their low dosage, good efficacy, high efficacy, and low cost of prevention and treatment.
Apply[3]
Fenthion sulfone is an organophosphorus pesticide with low toxicity to humans and livestock. It is effective against a variety of pests. It mainly acts as a stomach poison for contact killing. It has a long residual effect and is not as effective against mites as methyl parathion. It is mainly used to control soybean borers, cotton pests, fruit tree pests, vegetable and rice pests. It also has good results in controlling mosquitoes, flies, bed bugs, etc.
Biochemical Toxicology
Multiple studies have found that fenthion-sulfone can significantly inhibit the ChE activity of blood, brain and other tissues, and has a lasting effect. Kenneth studied that the maximum inhibition of ChE in the blood was 1 day after exposure, while the inhibition of brain and submandibular gland enzyme activity was most obvious 2 days after exposure, and it took about 4 weeks to return to normal levels. Dogs were given 14 mg/kg of fenthion-sulfone orally, once every 3 days, for a total of 5 times. No signs of poisoning were found in the dogs. However, the ChE activity in whole blood and red blood cells was significantly reduced, especially after the last dose. The enzyme activity decreased most significantly, suggesting that multiple doses of fenthion-sulfone can accumulate in dogs.
Fenthion-sulfone has toxic effects on the liver. Ignatov continuously orally administered 5 mg/kg of fenthion-sulfone to chickens. During the 72-day experiment, the ChE activity in the whole blood of chickens was reduced, and the GOT (glutamine) level in the serum was reduced. Acid, oxaloacetate converting enzyme), GPT (glutamic acid, pyruvate converting enzyme) and AKP (alkaline phosphatase) activities increased [13]. In the culture of chicken embryo liver cells, fenthion-sulfone was found to cause abnormal porphyrin metabolism in the culture fluid and accumulation of uroporphyrin [14]. It is suggested that enzymes in liver cell fluid are susceptible to metabolic transformation. Fenthion-sulfone is an indirect inhibitor of ChE. After entering the body, it is mainly metabolized into P=0 compounds, sulfone, sulfoxide and S methyl isomers. Its toxicity is 6 to 36 times greater than fenthion-sulfone itself and can inhibit ChE activity.
Main reference materials
[1] Xu Rongrong, & Huang Yanyan. (2018). Determination of fenthion, fenthion sulfoxide and fenthion sulfone residues in vegetables by gas chromatography. Journal of Food Safety and Quality Inspection, 9(6), 1383-1387.
[2] Wang Lianzhu, Li Xiaolian, Fang Enhua, Chen Yong, Wang Dengfei, & Xu Dunming. (2016). Determination of six pesticide residues including diquat and diquat in palm crude oil by Quechers-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatography, 34 (7), 686-691.
[3] Zhou Jiming. (2002). Alias of commonly used insecticides and acaricides. Hunan Agriculture (7).
